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Article History

Received: 22 February 2024

Accepted: 2 June 2024

First Online: 11 June 2024

Declarations

:

: All study protocols were approved by local Institutional Review Boards at the University of Alabama at Birmingham and Duke University, and Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees at Duke University and the Van Andel Institute.

: Not applicable.

: A.B.W. has served as a member of The Michael J. Fox Executive Foundation (MJFF) Scientific Advisory Board and is a paid consultant for SciNeuro, Inc, and has been a paid consultant for EscapeBio Inc.; and has received research grants from Biogen Inc. and EscapeBio, Inc., as well as MJFF, ASAP Foundation, Parkinson’s Foundation, and the National Institutes of Health (NIH). A.B.W. is part owner of a series of LRRK2 kinase inhibitors (WO 2013166276) and part owner of induced-pluripotent stem cell lines of early-onset PD distributed by Cedars Sinai. L.H.S. is on the Scientific Advisory Board of Lucy Therapeutics. D.G.S. is a member of the faculty of the University of Alabama at Birmingham and is supported by endowment and University funds. Dr. Standaert is an investigator in studies funded by Abbvie, Inc., the American Parkinson Disease Association, the Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson Research, The National Parkinson Foundation, Alabama Department of Commerce, Alabama Innovation Fund, Genetech, the Department of Defense, and the NIH. He has a clinical practice and is compensated for these activities through the University of Alabama Health Services Foundation. He serves as Deputy Editor for the journal Movement Disorders and is compensated for this role by the International Parkinson and Movement Disorders Society. He has served as a consultant for or received honoraria from Abbvie Inc., Alnylam Pharmaceutics, Appello, Biohaven Pharmaceuticals, Inc., BlueRock Therapeutics, Coave Therapeutics Curium Pharma, F. Hoffman-La Roche, Eli Lilly USA, Sanofi-Aventis, and Theravance, Inc. He has also received book royalties from McGraw-Hill Publishers. T.A.Y. has active grants from the American Parkinson Disease Association, Travere Therapeutics, and the NIH (RF1NS115767-A1, R01NS112203, P50NS108675, U01NS104326, R13GM109532, T32GM008361). T.A.Y. serves on the Scientific Advisory Board for Parkinson’s Foundation. TAY has received honorarium for presentations and panels from the Movement Disorders Society and for grant reviews from NIH. She has a U.S. Patent #7,919,262 on the use of 14-3-3s in neurodegeneration.