Vicente, Cristina T. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7882-9543
Niranjan, Tejasvi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6458-2017
Coopman, Elise https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8661-1053
Faura, Júlia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8436-1377
Alidadiani, Sara https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7696-0022
Schrauwen, Claudia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1807-6428
Matchett, Billie J. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5941-7367
Heeman, Bavo https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0696-5497
Van den Broeck, Marleen https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7357-0694
De Coster, Wouter https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5248-8197
Nguyen, Thuy
Lau, Julie S.
Baheti, Saurabh https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3564-7627
de Pooter, Tim https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1097-5464
De Rijk, Peter https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8558-9288
Strazisar, Mojca https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8046-3408
Baker, Matt https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2691-5757
DeJesus-Hernandez, Mariely
Finch, NiCole A.
Pottier, Cyril https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3049-9346
van Blitterswijk, Marka https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3054-7053
Asmann, Yan
Murray, Melissa E. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7379-2545
Petrucelli, Leonard
King, Andrew
Troakes, Claire https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1790-7376
Al-Sarraj, Safa
Rissman, Robert A.
Hiniker, Annie
Flanagan, Margaret
Evers, Bret M. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5686-0315
White, Charles L. III https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3870-2804
Cruchaga, Carlos https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0276-2899
Castellani, Rudolph https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5414-3184
van Rooij, Jeroen G.J. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9754-073X
Mol, Merel O. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2533-2530
Seelaar, Harro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1989-7527
van Swieten, John C. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6278-6844
Oskarsson, Björn https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1725-9866
Reichard, Robert Ross https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0842-2462
Nguyen, Aivi T. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1809-9451
Josephs, Keith A. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2930-8634
Petersen, Ronald C. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8178-6601
Ertekin-Taner, Nilüfer https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4436-8889
Boeve, Bradley F. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4153-8187
Graff-Radford, Neill R. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9847-9096
Weckhuysen, Sarah https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2878-1147
Dickson, Dennis W. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7189-7917
Rademakers, Rosa https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4049-0863
Funding for this research was provided by:
Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie)
Bijzonder Onderzoeksfonds UAntwerp (Bijzonder Onderzoeksfonds UAntwerp (BE))
Queen Elisabeth Medical Foundation (Queen Elisabeth Medical Foundation)
Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (G056122N, 12ASR24N, 1861424N)
Association for Frontotemporal Degeneration (2022-001)
National Institutes of Health (R01 NS123052, R01 AG37491, UG3 NS103870)
National Institute of Nursing Research (R01 NS121125)
Article History
Received: 10 December 2024
Accepted: 22 June 2025
First Online: 6 July 2025
Declarations
:
: This study was approved by the University of Antwerp and Mayo Clinic Institutional Review Boards, and collection of tissue samples was approved at each participating sites by their local Institutional Review Board. All autopsies were obtained after consent by the legal next-of-kin or someone legally authorized to make this decision. Autopsies are performed with the explicit assumption that tissue will be used for both diagnostic evaluation and research.
: Not applicable.
: MDH and RR hold a patent on C9orf72 hexanucleotide repeat expansion screening methods. RR was a member of the Scientific Advisory Board of Arkuda Therapeutics, received consulting fees from Eli Lilly and receives invention royalties from a patent related to progranulin. The remaining authors declare no commercial or financial conflict of interest.