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Authors
Beilina, Alexandra
Park, Jae-Hyeon
Landeck, Natalie
Chia, Ruth
Ding, Jinhui
Reed, Xylena
Bailey, Hannah
Kim, Changyoun
Kaganovich, Alice
Acri, Dominic J.
Brooks, Janet
Mann, Alexandra
Zaghloul, Kareem A.
Marsan, Elise
Raphael Gibbs, J.
DeCasien, Alex
Cookson, Mark R.
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Article History
Received: 30 September 2025
Accepted: 9 March 2026
First Online: 18 March 2026
Declarations
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: Animal work was approved by the NIA Animal Care and Use Committee, consistent with guidelines presented in the Public Health Service (PHS) Policy on Humane Care and Use of Laboratory Animals. For human samples, participants with drug-resistant epilepsy underwent a surgical procedure in which the brain regions involved in their seizure activity were surgically removed. The participants took part in the current study voluntarily and without monetary rewards. All participants consented to the research protocol approved by the Institutional Review Board at the National Institutes of Health (NIH, Bethesda MD; protocol reference number 11- N -0051) in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. All cortical samples used for this study were resected from brain regions that were included in the standard of care surgical resection for treatment of their epilepsy.
: Not applicable
: The authors declare no competing interests.
