Yamada, Kaoru https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3696-0604
Ishida, Kazuhisa
Sakamoto, Asami
Shimada, Hitoshi
Watanabe, Masaki
Shimojo, Masato
Igarashi, Hironaka
Iwatsubo, Takeshi
Funding for this research was provided by:
AMED (JP23wm0625001)
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (23H0279)
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (25K10766, 20K21568, 18H02762)
Niigata University (2023-23012)
collaborative grant from NIPRO co
scholarship grant from Chugai Foundation for Innovative Drug Discovery Scienceļ¼C-FINDs
scholarship grant from Tsukushi Fellowship and Research Foundation
Article History
Received: 9 February 2026
Accepted: 9 July 2026
First Online: 18 July 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: All animal experiments were reviewed and approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of the Graduate School of Medicine at the University of Tokyo except JJVCPE study and DCE-MRI study, which were approved by the Internal Review Board of University of Niigata and carried out in accordance with the Guidelines laid down by the NIH in the US regarding the care and use of animals for experimental procedures.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: K. Y. is a specially appointed Associate Professor, A. S. is a technical assistant, and T. I. is a specially appointed Professor for Dementia Inclusion and Therapeutics at the University of Tokyo, funded by Effissimo Capital Management. M. S. is an employee of Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. These affiliations did not influence the study design, data acquisition, analysis, or interpretation. The authors declare no competing financial or non-financial interests related to this work.