Rathore, Saima https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4752-2298
Dammer, Eric B.
Shantaraman, Anantharaman
Wu, Fang
Duong, Duc M.
Fox, Edward J.
Johnson, Erik C. B.
Lah, James J.
,
Levey, Allan I.
Lah, James J.
Cellar, Janet S.
Aisen, Paul
Gamst, Anthony
Thomas, Ronald G.
Donohue, Michael
Walter, Sarah
Dale, Anders
Brewer, James
Vanderswag, Helen
Toga, Arthur W.
Thompson, Paul
Crawford, Karen
Neu, Scott
Bartzokis, George
Silverman, Daniel H. S.
Lu, Po H.
Schuff, Norbert
Beckett, Laurel
DeCarli, Charles
Harvey, Danielle
Kornak, John
Potkin, Steven G.
Mulnard, Ruth A.
Thai, Gaby
Mc-Adams-Ortiz, Catherine
Preda, Adrian
Nguyen, Dana
Schneider, Lon
Pawluczyk, Sonia
Spann, Bryan M.
Fletcher, Evan
Carmichael, Owen
Bernstein, Matthew
Felmlee, Joel
Petersen, Ronald
Johnson, Kris
Jack Jr, Clifford R.
Saykin, Andrew J.
Foroud, Tatiana M.
Shen, Li
Farlow, Martin
Herring, Scott
Hake, Ann M.
Buckholtz, Neil
Kaye, Jeffrey
Dolen, Sara
Quinn, Joseph
Heidebrink, Judith L.
Lord, Joanne L.
Doody, Rachelle S.
Villanueva-Meyer, Javier
Chowdhury, Munir
Stern, Yaakov
Honig, Lawrence S.
Bell, Karen L.
Morris, John C.
Mintun, Mark A.
Schneider, Stacy
Marson, Daniel
Griffith, Randall
Clark, David
Grossman, Hillel
Tang, Cheuk
Marzloff, George
deToledo-Morrell, Leyla
Shah, Raj C.
Duara, Ranjan
Varon, Daniel
Roberts, Peggy
Albert, Marilyn S.
Pedroso, Julia
Toroney, Jaimie
Rusinek, Henry
de Leon, Mony J.
De Santi, Susan M.
Doraiswamy, P. Murali
Petrella, Jeffrey R.
Aiello, Marilyn
Smith, Charles D.
Given II, Curtis A.
Hardy, Peter
Lopez, Oscar L.
Oakley, MaryAnn
Simpson, Donna M.
Ismail, M. Saleem
Brand, Connie
Richard, Jennifer
Burns, Jeffrey M.
Anderson, Heather S.
Laubinger, Mary M.
Graff-Radford, Neill R.
Parfitt, Francine
Johnson, Heather
van Dyck, Christopher H.
MacAvoy, Martha G.
Benincasa, Amanda L.
Chertkow, Howard
Bergman, Howard
Hosein, Chris
Black, Sandra
Graham, Simon
Caldwell, Curtis
Hsiung, Ging-Yuek Robin
Feldman, Howard
Assaly, Michele
Kertesz, Andrew
Rogers, John
Trost, Dick
Bernick, Charles
Munic, Donna
Wu, Chuang-Kuo
Johnson, Nancy
Mesulam, Marsel
Sadowsky, Carl
Martinez, Walter
Villena, Teresa
Turner, Scott
Johnson, Kathleen B.
Behan, Kelly E.
Sperling, Reisa A.
Rentz, Dorene M.
Johnson, Keith A.
Rosen, Allyson
Tinklenberg, Jared
Ashford, Wes
Sabbagh, Marwan
Connor, Donald
Jacobson, Sandra
Killiany, Ronald
Norbash, Alexander
Nair, Anil
Green, Robert C.
Obisesan, Thomas O.
Jayam-Trouth, Annapurni
Wang, Paul
Lerner, Alan
Hudson, Leon
Ogrocki, Paula
Kittur, Smita
Mirje, Seema
Borrie, Michael
Lee, T. Y.
Bartha, Rob
Johnson, Sterling
Asthana, Sanjay
Carlsson, Cynthia M.
Tariot, Pierre
Fleisher, Adam
Reeder, Stephanie
Alexander, Gene
Bandy, Dan
Chen, Kewei
Bates, Vernice
Capote, Horacio
Rainka, Michelle
Hendin, Barry A.
Scharre, Douglas W.
Kataki, Maria
Zimmerman, Earl A.
Celmins, Dzintra
Brown, Alice D.
Gandy, Sam
Marenberg, Marjorie E.
Rovner, Barry W.
Pearlson, Godfrey
Blank, Karen
Anderson, Karen
Santulli, Robert B.
Englert, Jessica
Williamson, Jeff D.
Sink, Kaycee M.
Watkins, Franklin
Ott, Brian R.
Cohen, Ronald
Salloway, Stephen
Malloy, Paul
Correia, Stephen
Rosen, Howard J.
Miller, Bruce L.
Mintzer, Jacobo
Fox, Nick
Diaz-Arrastia, Ramon
Martin-Cook, Kristen
DeVous, Michael
Soares, Holly
Clark, Christopher M.
Pham, Cassie
Nunez, Jessica
Seyfried, Nicholas T.
Levey, Allan I.
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Institute of Health, USA (RF1AG062181)
National Institute of Health, USA (U01AG061357)
Article History
Received: 7 February 2026
Accepted: 28 July 2026
First Online: 14 September 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: Data used in the preparation of this article were obtained from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database (adni.loni.usc.edu). The ADNI was launched in 2003 as a public-private partnership, led by Principal Investigator Michael W. Weiner, MD. The ADNI study was approved by the Institutional Review Boards at each participating site (see full list here: ). All procedures were performed in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations, and informed consent was obtained from all subjects prior to enrollment.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.