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Article History

Received: 25 June 2019

Accepted: 1 June 2020

First Online: 15 June 2020

Ethics approval and consent to participate

: Transoral robotic surgery (TORS) procedures performed with the da Vinci Surgical System (FDA Regulation Number 21 CFR 876–1500) were approved in 2009 by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA; K090993) for transoral otolaryngology surgical procedures. Use was extended to benign base of tongue resection procedures in 2014 (FDA Document Number K123329). TORS was introduced at the study institution (Istituto Nazionale Tumori “Fondazione G. Pascale” – IRCCS) following internal technical approval in 2013 for the FDA-approved applications and subsequent extensions. All patients were enrolled from 2013 onwards and provided written informed consent following an explanation of the specific advantages and disadvantages of such surgical procedures.

: Not applicable.

: The authors performed all the work by themselves and declare they have no competing interests nor conflicts of interests.