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Authors
Kozukeev, Turatbek
EM, Olga
Ciglenecki, Iza
Wachira, Evelyne
Tenizbaeva, Asel
Guadarrama, Adrian
Pastrana, Masha
Albela, Manuel
Kalibushi, Jean
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Médecins Sans Frontières, Operational center Geneva
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Article History
Received: 28 July 2025
Accepted: 18 December 2025
First Online: 2 January 2026
Declarations
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: This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. All study participants were informed about the study’s purpose and provided written informed consent. The study was approved by the Ethical Committee of the Ministry of Health of the Kyrgyz Republic and the MSF Ethics Review Board (approval number: ID: 2371). Written approvals were obtained from the Ministry of Health of the Kyrgyz Republic and verbal approvals from the administrations of the three medical institutions selected for the study.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
