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Article History

Received: 23 January 2019

Accepted: 27 August 2019

First Online: 9 September 2019

Ethics approval and consent to participate

: This study did not require official or institutional ethical approval. The animals were handled according to high ethical standards and national legislation. The study design was approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) of Procter & Gamble (P&G) Pet Care (Mason, OH, USA) and the accommodation facility where the dogs were housed was accredited by the Association for Assessment and Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care.

: Not applicable.

: VJA and JCP received payment from Spectrum Brands (and formerly of P&G) for provision of analytical services and interpretation of data. DMM was an employee of EUKANUBA^® UK; Spectrum Brands (and formerly of P&G). The remaining authors declare that they did not receive payment for any services pertaining to the conduct of this study, interpretation of data or writing of this manuscript. The study was initially conceived and carried out by the Research & Development division of P&G, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. This organization had no role in the data analysis, decision to publish or preparation of the manuscript. None of the authors of this article has a personal relationship with other people or organisations that could inappropriately influence or bias the content of the paper.