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Article History

Received: 7 January 2025

Accepted: 18 June 2025

First Online: 1 July 2025

Declarations

:

: No animal experimentation was associated with this study. The pathogen in question was delivered to the veterinary clinic by the owner of the dog. This study did not require official or institutional ethical approval. The animals were handled according to high ethical standards and national legislation.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

: Data have not been published previously.

: KB is a parasitologist and immunologist with 40 years’ experience. PWK is a cell biologist with 30 years’ experience in molecular work. PJ has more than 30 years’ experience in veterinary practice.

: Not applicable.