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Authors
Pekkarinen, Henna Marjaana https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3195-7967
Simola, Umberto
Niinistö, Kati Elina
Syrjä, Pernilla Elisabet Sofia
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
University of Helsinki
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Article History
Received: 19 February 2025
Accepted: 15 September 2025
First Online: 3 December 2025
Declarations
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: The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee on Animal Research of the University of Helsinki ( 18.05.2022). Informed consent to participate in the study was obtained from horse owners. Clients of the diagnostic service at FACIT and at the Section of pathology and parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, were informed that the samples may be further used for research purposes upon submission of a diagnostic sample. KN and PS have a client relationship with the owners of the horses included, either as equine clinician (KN) or as veterinary pathologist (PS). All data were pseudonymized behind a diary number and stored at in secure database only accessible to the researchers.
: Not applicable.
: Parts of the data included in this article have previously been presented in the 2024 Finnish Veterinary Congress, Helsinki, Finland, 13–15 November 2024.
: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
