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Authors
Sparrow, Laurent https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7388-9363
Duprez, Christelle https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4254-2559
Richez, Louise https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5285-5713
Raguet, Michel
Terriou, Louis https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2917-8748
Citerne, Isabelle
Sanges, Sébastien https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0280-411X
David, Launay https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1840-1817
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Fondation Maladies Rares
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Article History
Received: 16 June 2025
Accepted: 24 December 2025
First Online: 6 January 2026
Declarations
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: The authors confirm that all procedures contributing to this work comply with the ethical standards of the relevant national and institutional committees on human experimentation and with the Helsinki Declaration of 1975, as revised in 2008. The study was approved by the ethics committee of the University of Lille (Comité d’Ethique et de Recherche – CER-Lille) in January 2020 (reference number: 2019-393-S78). Patients were recruited from the Internal Medicine Department of Lille University Hospital from January 2022 to May 2023. Patients were informed of the study prior to a follow-up medical consultation in the department, and an information letter was sent to them by email. If they were interested in participating in the study, they arrived early on the day of their consultation. A research assistant then ensured that the patient had read and understood the information letter and collected the patient’s written informed consent.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
