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Authors
Bao, Yuchang
Cheung, Chi Wai
Huang, Yulin
Zaslansky, Ruth
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Meissner, Winfried
Ho, Hung Chak
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
H H Hung Charitable Foundation
Mundipharma International Limited
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Article History
Received: 23 June 2025
Accepted: 13 March 2026
First Online: 31 March 2026
Declarations
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: The use of anonymous data for analysis in this study was approved by the Human and Artefacts Ethics Sub-Committee, City University of Hong Kong (Code: HU-STA-00001478). Ethical approvals for primary data collection were obtained from the ethics committees or IRBs of the participating hospitals (or affiliated institutes) of PAN. More information can be referred to https://www.pain-out.eu/painout/requirements-for-joining.
: Not applicable.
: Consent was sought for primary data collection via the participating hospitals of PAN. More information can be referred to https://www.pain-out.eu/painout/requirements-for-joining.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
