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Authors
Gray, Samantha
Lusamba, Sandrine
Stuart, Heather
Lee, Sabine
Bartels, Susan A.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (#435-2017-1289, #435-2017-1289)
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Article History
Received: 11 November 2024
Accepted: 14 July 2025
First Online: 28 July 2025
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Queen’s University Health Sciences and Affiliated Teaching Hospitals Research Ethics Board (protocol # 6019042) and locally by the Congolese National Committee of Health Ethics (protocol #001/DP-SK/119PM/2018). Participants aged 13 to 17 were considered mature minors. Parental consent was not obtained as it was believed that involving parents could have introduced bias and potentially parental conflict and/or abuse.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
