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Article History

Received: 29 September 2025

Accepted: 12 January 2026

First Online: 2 February 2026

Declarations

:

: The research was conducted following the approval of an ethical clearance letter from the institutional ethical review committee of Debre Tabor University, reference number DTU/467/2024. The study adhered to the principles laid out in the Declaration of Helsinki, and the research protocol received endorsement from the ethical review committee. Data collection commenced after obtaining an authorization letter from the selected kebeles. Each participant provided written informed consent, while those who could not read or write were given oral informed consent. Prior to participation, written informed consent was obtained from the guardians of all participants under the age of 16. This process ensured that the guardians were fully aware of the study’s purpose, allowing them to make an informed decision regarding their child’s involvement. To maintain confidentiality, personal identifiers were omitted from the questionnaire, and the collected data sets were stored securely. Adolescents who were pregnant during the data collection period were linked to health institutions to receive appropriate services.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.