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Authors
Lau, Davy
Zivkovic, Irena
Puhama, Apanuba
Zanotto Manoel, Agnes
Garraway, Naisan
Joharifard, Shahrzad
Joos, Emilie
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia
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Article History
Received: 27 June 2025
Accepted: 14 May 2026
First Online: 7 June 2026
Declarations
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: The need for ethics approval was waived given the lack of human participants in this study.
: Not applicable.
: Principal investigators S.J. and E.J. work for the organization MSF, one of the organizations analyzed in this paper. They are also the co-founders of the UBC Global Surgery Lab (GSL), which published the modified Delphi consensus framework on measuring sustainability in global surgical partnerships (9). The pillars of sustainability published in that framework were used as a scaffold to identify and organize sustainable practices in this paper.
