Harris, Meredith G.
Kazdin, Alan E.
Hwang, Irving
Manoukian, Sophie M.
Sampson, Nancy A.
Stein, Dan J.
Viana, Maria Carmen
Vigo, Daniel V.
Alonso, Jordi
Andrade, Laura Helena
Bruffaerts, Ronny
Bunting, Brendan
Caldas-de-Almeida, José Miguel
Chardoul, Stephanie
de Girolamo, Giovanni
Gureje, Oye
Haro, Josep Maria
Karam, Elie G.
Kovess-Masfety, Viviane
Medina-Mora, Maria Elena
Navarro-Mateu, Fernando
Nishi, Daisuke
Posada-Villa, José
Rapsey, Charlene
Stagnaro, Juan Carlos
ten Have, Margreet
Wciórka, Jacek
Zarkov, Zahari
Kessler, Ronald C.
,
Aguilar-Gaxiola, Sergio
Al-Hamzawi, Ali
Alonso, Jordi
Altwaijri, Yasmin A.
Andrade, Laura Helena
Atwoli, Lukoye
Benjet, Corina
Borges, Guilherme
Bromet, Evelyn J.
Bruffaerts, Ronny
Bunting, Brendan
Caldas-de-Almeida, Jose Miguel
Cardoso, Graça
Chardoul, Stephanie
Cía, Alfredo H.
Degenhardt, Louisa
de Girolamo, Giovanni
de Guzman, Ma. Lourdes Rosanna E.
Gureje, Oye
Haro, Josep Maria
Harris, Meredith G.
Hinkov, Hristo
Hu, Chi-yi
de Jonge, Peter
Karam, Aimee Nasser
Karam, Elie G.
Karam, Georges
Kazdin, Alan E.
Kawakami, Norito
Kessler, Ronald C.
Khaled, Salma
Kiejna, Andrzej
Kovess-Masfety, Viviane
McGrath, John J.
Medina-Mora, Maria Elena
Moskalewicz, Jacek
Navarro-Mateu, Fernando
Nishi, Daisuke
Piazza, Marina
Posada-Villa, José
Scott, Kate M.
Stagnaro, Juan Carlos
Stein, Dan J.
ten Have, Margreet
Torres, Yolanda
Viana, Maria Carmen
Vigo, Daniel V.
Vladescu, Cristian
Williams, David R.
Wojtyniak, Bogdan
Woodruff, Peter
Xavier, Miguel
Zaslavsky, Alan M.
Funding for this research was provided by:
Medical Research Council of South Africa
Article History
Received: 18 July 2024
Accepted: 13 March 2025
First Online: 23 May 2025
Declarations
:
: This study has been performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. At all survey sites, the local ethics or institutional review committee reviewed and approved the protocol to ensure protection of human subjects, in line with appropriate international and local guidelines. Details of the ethics committees for the WMH surveys can be viewed at this link:
: Not applicable.
: Dr. Dan J. Stein reports personal fees from Discovery Vitality, Johnson & Johnson, Kanna, L’Oreal, Lundbeck, Orion, Sanofi, Servier, Takeda and Vistagen. In the past 3 years, Dr. Kessler was a consultant for Cambridge Health Alliance, Canandaigua VA Medical Center, Child Mind Institute, Holmusk, Massachusetts General Hospital, Partners Healthcare, Inc., RallyPoint Networks, Inc., Sage Therapeutics and University of North Carolina. He has stock options in Cerebral Inc., Mirah, PYM (Prepare Your Mind), Roga Sciences and Verisense Health. All other authors report no conflicts of interest related to this manuscript.