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Authors
Wei, Bohang
Jiang, Wenyuan
Liu, Jianfeng
Wu, Jingtao
Xu, Chunmeng
Guo, Yujiang
Xie, Mingjun
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Scientific and Technological Research Project of Henan Province (252102320263)
National Social Science Fund Project (23BTY116)
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Article History
Received: 15 May 2025
Accepted: 5 September 2025
First Online: 29 September 2025
Declarations
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: This study received ethical approval from the Academic Committee of the College of Physical Education (Main Campus) at Zhengzhou University (Ethical Approval No.: ZZUIRB2025-04).
: Before collecting data, the research team clearly explained the study’s purpose, methods, potential risks, and benefits to all participating school administrators, teachers, and parents. We obtained signed consent forms from every student’s parent or legal guardian, confirming their voluntary participation based on full understanding of the study details.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
