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Authors
Yu, Meryl
Tng, Germaine Y. Q.
Lin, Zhan
Chen, Helen
Eriksson, Johan Gunnar
Chong, Yap Seng
Tiemeier, Henning
Setoh, Peipei
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National University of Singapore Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine (NUHSRO/2021/093/NUSMed/13/LOA)
Ministry of Education - Singapore (MOE2019-SSHR-005, RG39/22, RG126/23)
National Research Foundation (OF-LCG, MOH-000504)
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Article History
Received: 5 May 2025
Accepted: 8 October 2025
First Online: 10 November 2025
Declarations
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: Ethics approvals were granted by the National Healthcare Group Domain Specific Review Board (D/2009/00021; B/2014/00406; B/2014/00414) and the SingHealth Centralized Institutional Review Board (2018/2767/D; 2019/2655/E). For all parental assessments, written informed consent was acquired. For child measures, written parental consent was acquired for all timepoints, and child assent was taken for assessments after 7 years old.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
