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Authors
Yang, Yen-Shan
Hsu, Chih-Wei https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8650-4060
Wang, Liang-Jen
Hung, Kuo-Chuan
Chen, Yang-Chieh Brian
Liang, Chih-Sung
Chen, Mu-Hong https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6516-1073
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Science and Technology Council (112-2314-B-182-070-MY3)
National Science and Technology Council (111-2314-B-075-014-MY2)
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Article History
Received: 17 July 2025
Accepted: 18 November 2025
First Online: 1 December 2025
Declarations
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: The research was conducted ethically in accordance with the World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki. The Institutional Review Board of Chang Gung Memorial Hospital approved the study protocol and waived the need for informed consent (No.: 202300262B0).
: Not applicable. This manuscript does not contain any individual person’s data in any form.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
