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Authors
Zhang, Fang
Liu, Wenjing
Yang, Hongmei
Sun, Yang
Lei, Xiaoxia
Ding, Yue
Zhang, Xiaochen
Hu, Zhishan
Hu, Shuaishuai
Wang, Zhen
Cheng, Wenhong
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Fei Xiang Program of Shanghai Mental Health Centre (2024-FX-04)
Fei Xiang Program of Shanghai Mental Health Centre (2024-FX-02)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82571756 and 32100885)
Shanghai Municipal Education Commission (2021-01-07-00-02-E00086)
STI 2030—Major Projects (2022ZD0209100, 2022ZD0209105, 2022ZD0209101, and 2022ZD0209104)
the Shanghai Municipal Education Commission (HJTY2012-A06)
Shanghai Municipal Health Bureau (2013SY042)
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Article History
Received: 22 August 2025
Accepted: 9 December 2025
First Online: 24 December 2025
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Shanghai Mental Health Center, affiliated with the Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (Approval No. 2011-25). The study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. All participants and their guardians provided written informed consent prior to data collection, and their rights to privacy and confidentiality were strictly upheld throughout the study.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
