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Authors
Liu, Chun-Hao
Chen, Yi-Lung
Ai, Wei
Ni, Hsing-Chang
Lai, Meng-Chuan
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Chang Gung Medical Foundation (CMRPG3L0261)
Canadian Institutes of Health Research (GSB 171373)
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Article History
Received: 1 August 2025
Accepted: 27 January 2026
First Online: 13 February 2026
Declarations
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: The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Chang Gung Memorial Hospital (202001688B0C601) and conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Both the adolescent participants and their legal guardians understood the procedure of this study and signed the inform consents.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
