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Authors
Yen, Cheng-Fang
Chou, Wen-Jiun
Hsiao, Ray C.
Wang, Peng-Wei
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Science and Technology Council (NSTC 111-2635-B-182A-004- and 112-2314-B-182A-030)
Kaohsiung Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital (KMUH114-4R73)
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Article History
Received: 19 October 2025
Accepted: 31 January 2026
First Online: 19 February 2026
Declarations
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: The study protocol was approved by the institutional review boards of Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital (approval number: 202201797A3) and Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital (approval numbers: KMUHIRB-SV(I)-20200091 and KMUHIRB-SV(II)-20220092). Written informed consent was obtained from all participants.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
