Funding for this research was provided by:
Soonchunhyang University
Ministry of Health and Welfare (RS-2023-CC139231)
Ministry of Health and Welfare (NRF-2020M2D9A2092373)
Ministry of Health and Welfare, South Korea (HI23C1573)
SNUH Lee Kun-hee Child Cancer & Rare Disease Project (22A-020-0100)
Article History
Received: 12 October 2025
Accepted: 20 February 2026
First Online: 14 March 2026
Declarations
:
: This study was exempted from the approval of the Institutional Review Board of Seoul National University Hospital (No. E-2203-002-1302) because it used the publicly available NHIS-NHID that is not individually identifiable. This study was also approved by the Data Provision Review Committee of the NHIS (NHIS-2022-1-559).
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.