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Authors
Döpfner, Manfred
Dose, Christina
Hautmann, Christopher
Hellmich, Martin
Kohl, Lea Teresa
Treier, Anne-Katrin
von Wirth, Elena
Becker, Katja
Brandeis, Daniel
Dürrwächter, Ute
Geissler, Julia
Hohmann, Sarah
Holtmann, Martin
Huss, Michael
Jans, Thomas
Kaiser, Anna
Ketter, Johanna
Legenbauer, Tanja
Millenet, Sabina
Poustka, Luise
Renner, Tobias J.
Wenning, Jasmin
,
Christmann, Nina
Gehrig, Brigitta
Groh, Monja
Igel, Christine
Janson, Karina
Steiner, Marie-Therese
Winkler, Matthias
Ziegler, Mirjam
Grau, Nicole
Haberhausen, Wiebke
Hiery, Alisa
John, Katja
Kasperzack, Daria
Krämer, Jennifer
Mann, Christopher
Mingebach, Tanja
Paulus, Anna Maria
Schrott, Bastian
Weber, Linda
Ohlsen, Anne-Kathrin
Kellner, Julia
Krugmann, Katrin
Schulze-Husmann, Karen
Thöne, Ann-Katrin
Vetter, Paula
Romanos, Marcel
Renner, Tobias Johann
Dürrwächer, Ute
Flik, Lena
Mross, Melinda
Pascher, Anja
Richardt, Natalie
Schneider, Priska
Steinacker, Ida
Kirschbaum-Lesch, Inken
Martin, Franziska
Kölch, Michael
Bienioschek, Stefanie
von Sandersleben, Henrik Uebel
Al-Deb’i, Fatmeh
Konrad, Kerstin
Reindl, Vanessa
Seitz, Jochen
Novak, Tamara
Remy, Miriam
Freitag, Christine Margarete
Friedrich, Nadine
Rösler, Michael
Barra, Steffen
Retz-Junginger, Petra
Leipnitz, Birgit
Philipp, Florence
Zinnow, Toivo
Sobanski, Esther
Alm, Barbara
Bleich, Melanie
Hennig, Oliver
Praus, Peter
Scharnholz, Barbara
Fallgatter, Andreas Jochen
Becker-Sadzio, Julia
Deppermann, Saskia
Ethofer, Thomas
Weber, Lydia
Erb, Michael
Phillipsen, Alexandra
Schulze, Marcel
Aslan, Behrem
Lingen, Meike
Steffens, Maria
Klüver, Sina
Groß, Samira
Groß, Vivien
Thome, Johannes
Krecklow, Beate
Retz, Wolfgang
Bensing, Lea
Davydenko, Sergiy
Gregório-Hertz, Priscilla
Turner, Daniel
Banaschewski, Tobias
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Clinical Trials BETA
Clinical trials referenced in this document:
drks0000897 at German Clinical Trials RegisterDocuments that mention this clinical trial
Efficacy of a stepped-care approach for school-age children with mild to moderate ADHD (ESCAschool-moderate): an adaptive intervention study including a randomized controlled trial
https://doi.org/10.1186/s13034-026-01115-3
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Universitätsklinikum Köln
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Article History
Received: 24 February 2026
Accepted: 27 May 2026
First Online: 23 July 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: The study was approved by the local ethics committees of all participating centers. Ethical approval has been obtained for the leading study center Cologne by the University of Cologne (ID 15–216; date of approval: 6th November 2015), for the study center Essen by the University Duisburg-Essen (ID 17-7404-BO), for the study center Hamm by the Ruhr-University Bochum (ID 15–5564), for the study center Göttingen by the University Medical Center Göttingen (ID 3/3/17), for the study center Mainz by the Federal Medical Association of Rhineland-Palatinate (ID 837.237.17 [11071]), for the study center Mannheim by the Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg (ID 2015-646 N-MA), for the study center Marburg by the Philipps-University Marburg (ID Studie 03/16), for the study center Tübingen by the Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen (ID 791/2015BO2) and for the study center Würzburg by the Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg (ID 332/15_z). All participating children provided assent, and their parents and all participating teachers provided written informed consent for participation.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: MD is a supervisor and lecturer and has received income as head of the School of Child and Adolescent Behavior Therapy at the University of Cologne and royalties from treatment manuals, books, and psychological tests published by Guilford, Hogrefe, Enke, Beltz, and Huber. He has received consulting income and research support from Medice, Shire and Medigital. CD has received royalties from Hogrefe as an author of self-help books for parents and teachers of preschool- and school-age children with ADHD. EvW has received royalties from Hogrefe publisher for the publication of a manual for the treatment of ADHD for educational therapists. KB has received research grants from the German Research Foundation (DFG), German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF), Philipps-University Marburg, von Behring-Röntgen Foundation, German Ministry for Health, University Hospital Gießen and Marburg, and Rhön Klinikum AG. She has received royalties from Georg Thieme Publisher during the last five years. DB has served as an unpaid scientific advisor for an EU-funded neurofeedback trial. JG has received a research grant from the Bavarian State Ministry of Labour and Social Welfare, Family Affairs and Women and the BMBF. She receives royalties from Hogrefe for the publication of a treatment manual. SH has received speaker’s fees from Infectopharm/Consilium. MHo has served in an advisory role for Shire, Takeda and Medice and received conference attendance support or was paid for public speaking by Medice. He has received research support from the DFG and the BMBF. He has received royalties as Editor-in-Chief of the German Journal for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and for textbooks from Hogrefe. MHu reported serving as a member of the advisory boards of Eli Lilly and Co, Engelhardt Arzneimittel, Janssen-Cilag, Medice, Novartis, Shire, and Steiner Arzneimittel within the past 5 years; serving as a consultant to Engelhardt Arzneimittel, Medice, and Steiner Arzneimittel; receiving honoraria from Eli Lilly and Co, Engelhardt Arzneimittel, Janssen-Cilag, Medice, Novartis, and Shire; and receiving unrestricted grants for investigator-initiated trials from Eli Lilly and Co, Medice, Engelhardt Arzneimittel, and Steiner Arzneimittel. TL has received funding from the BMBF as well as the Swiss Anorexia Nervosa Foundation for research projects and royalities for text books and treatment manuals from Hogrefe, Kohlhammer, Springer and DeGrutyter. LP has received fees from Infectopharm, Medice, Shire / Takeda for scientific consulting, lecturing and as part of advisory boards in the last five years. She receives financial support (third-party funding) for research projects or direct funding of staff from the EU, the DFG, the FWF, and the BMBF. TB has served in an advisory or consultancy role for AGB pharma, eyelevel, Infectopharm, Medice, Neurim Pharmaceuticals, Oberberg GmbH and Takeda. He has received conference support or speaker’s fees from Janssen-Cilag, Medice and Takeda. CH, LTK, AKT, UD, MHe, TJ, AK, JK, SM, TJR and JW declare no competing interests.
Accordance with CONSORT guidelines: The reporting of this study followed the CONSORT Guidelines (see Table S18).
