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Artificial intelligence and machine learning approaches for patient safety in complex surgery: a review

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13037-025-00458-8

Published Online: 2025-11-25

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

Ahmed, Mohamed Mustaf https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5991-4052
Othman, Zhinya Kawa https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3914-0867
Adebayo, Uthman Okikiola https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2000-7451
Kasimieh, Omar https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0782-2192
Okesanya, Olalekan John https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3809-4271
Musa, Shuaibu Saidu https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0138-3261
Branda, Francesco https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9485-3877
Cañezo , Victor C. https://orcid.org/0009-0003-2643-734X
Cue, Edgar G. https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5728-722X
Prisno III, Don Eliseo Lucero https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2179-6365
License Information

Text and Data Mining valid from 2025-11-25

Version of Record valid from 2025-11-25
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Article History

Received: 18 August 2025

Accepted: 30 October 2025

First Online: 25 November 2025

Declarations

:

: Not required for this study.

: Not applicable.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.