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Authors
Adesina, Stephen Adesope https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5994-7686
Amole, Isaac Olusayo https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7845-8052
Adegoke, Adepeju Olatayo https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0865-6314
Isiakpona, Chiwendu Uchechukwu https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7239-6030
Ukejianya, Chidiebube Enyeremchi https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9969-7612
Michael-Duja, Sarah https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7522-3733
Adefokun, Imri Goodness https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3214-727X
Ekunnrin, Olusola Tunde https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3602-0558
Ojo, Simeon Ayorinde https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6759-0402
Ikem, Innocent Chiedu https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4748-9846
Eyesan, Samuel Uwale https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1237-4598
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Article History
Received: 4 October 2025
Accepted: 14 November 2025
First Online: 29 December 2025
Declarations
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: The Research Ethics Committee of Bowen University Teaching Hospital approved the study protocols. The procedures used in this study adhere to the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. All participants provided informed consent to be included in the study. Informed consent was obtained from the parents or legal guardians of participants under 18 years old, as well as those without formal education or who are illiterate.
: Not applicable.
: The authors wish to disclose that their institutions receive charitable donations of SIGN nails from SIGN Fracture Care International (Richland, WA, USA), a humanitarian organization. Aside from these donations, the authors have no financial or personal relationships with SIGN Fracture Care International or its representatives that would pose a competing interest.
