Document is current

Article History

Received: 15 September 2024

Accepted: 17 January 2025

First Online: 30 January 2025

Declarations

:

: Ethics approval was not required for this study as it involved secondary data analysis of publicly available datasets. No new human participants were recruited, and no direct human or animal subjects were involved. The data were anonymized and publicly accessible, ensuring no ethical approval was necessary.

: As this study utilizes publicly available datasets, individual consent for publication was not required. The data used in this research were anonymized, ensuring that no personal identifiers were included, in accordance with ethical research practices.

: The authors declare no competing interests.