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Authors
Lee, Jonghyun
Leiby, Jacob S.
Takemaru, Lina
Huang, Yidi
Noh, Myung-Giun
Kim, Jaesik
Lee, Byonghan
Lee, Mattew E.
Oldridge, Derek A.
Eun, Young-Gyu
Lee, Hyun Jee
Lee, Young Chan
Kim, Dokyoon
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Article History
Received: 31 July 2025
Accepted: 16 October 2025
First Online: 6 December 2025
Declarations
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: The retrospective study involving the KHMC-HNSC cohort was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Kyung Hee University Medical Center (approval number: KHNMC 2024–06-005–002). The need for informed consent was waived due to the retrospective nature of the study and the use of de-identified data.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
