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Authors
Zhang, Yuqi
Li, Sijin
Mai, Peibiao
Su, Qiang
Gao, Minnan
Zeng, Kuan
Tong, Chao
Zhang, Kun
Huang, Hui
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (62176016, 72274127)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82330021, 82061160372, 82270771)
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Article History
Received: 31 October 2025
Accepted: 8 January 2026
First Online: 24 January 2026
Declarations
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: The study protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Korean Center for Disease Control and Prevention (No. 2008–04EXP-01-C, 2009–01CON-03-C, 2010–02CON-21-C and 2011–02CON-06-C). The raw data sets are publicly available through the KNHANES website, and data collection from the KNHANES dataset was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Korean National Institute for Bioethics Policy, which waived the requirement for informed consent for this study. The study adhered to the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki.
: All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
