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Article History

Received: 5 February 2026

Accepted: 11 May 2026

First Online: 11 June 2026

Declarations

:

: Informed consent was obtained from all subjects. All human samples were used in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations, and all experimental protocols were approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) at UConn Health and Rutgers University. All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institution and the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

: Not applicable.

: Z.A. is an Assistant Professor at the Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases and Hypertension, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School (RWJMS), and a Core Faculty Member at the Rutgers Institute for Health, Health Care Policy, and Aging Research (IFH), Rutgers Health. Furthermore, ZA is the Adjunct Assistant Professor at the School of Medicine, UConn Health, CT.P.G. and J.M. are Research Assistant at the Ahmed lab, Rutgers IFH/RWJMS.N.Y. is an Associate Professor of Medicine, Section Chief of Clinical Research & AI Innovation, and Director of Data Science and Machine Learning Research in the Division of Cardiology at Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School in New Brunswick, NJ. Additionally, she directs the Center for Innovation at RWJUH, serves as an Editorial Board Member for the American Society of Echocardiography (ASE), and holds roles as Associate Editor for Translational Systems Biology and In Silico Trials.P.S. is the Henry Rutgers Professor of Cardiology and the Chief of the Division of Cardiovascular Diseases & Hypertension at Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School and the Chief of Cardiac Services at the Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital.

: The authors declare no competing interests.