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Article History

Received: 29 May 2025

Accepted: 7 February 2026

First Online: 23 February 2026

Declarations

:

: The authors assert that all procedures contributing to this work comply with the ethical standards of the relevant national and institutional committees on human experimentation and with the Helsinki Declaration of 1975, as revised in 2013. All procedures involving human subjects/patients were approved by local IRBs in each of > 60 ADNI recruitment sites. The current study is based on a secondary analysis of anonymized data and complies with ADNI’s data use agreement.

: Not applicable. Figure created and owned by the author (AH).

: Written informed consent was obtained from every ADNI study participant. More information is available at .

: The authors declare no competing interests.