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Authors
Mengistie, Biruk T.
Shakir, Yamama Farouk
Bekele, Fraol Dereje
Abera, Biniyam Fiseha
Mengistie, Chernet T.
Teferi, Mikiyas G.
Gelan, Abel A.
Hailemariam, Caleb M.
Asfaw, Mihret Derbie
Haile, Asteway M.
Eneyew, Ezekiel A.
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Article History
Received: 28 November 2025
Accepted: 14 April 2026
First Online: 28 April 2026
Declarations
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: Ethical approval for this study was obtained from the Institutional Review Board of Addis Ababa University College of Health Sciences (IRB approval no. AAU-CHS/MS/2024/201). Additional permissions were secured from the Addis Ababa Health Bureau. Permission to access clinic records was secured from the leadership of Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital and Zewditu Memorial Hospital. The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and relevant national and institutional guidelines. As a retrospective chart review using de-identified data, individual informed consent was waived by the IRB. All extracted data were anonymized, stored on password-protected drives, and used exclusively for research purposes.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
