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Article History

Received: 7 March 2025

Accepted: 29 April 2025

First Online: 14 May 2025

Declarations

:

: The study was performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and in compliance with good clinical practice guidelines and applicable laws. The protocol was approved by the institutional review boards or ethics committee at study sites. Written informed consent was obtained before study entry from each patient or from the patient’s legally authorized representative if the patient was unable to provide consent.

: Not applicable.

: N.J.S. has received consulting fees from Pfizer Inc., GlaxoSmithKline, NKARTA, Autolus and Sanofi, research funding from Takeda Oncology, Astellas Pharma Inc., Xencor, Stemline Therapeutics and NextCure and honoraria from Adaptive Biotechnologies, Novartis, Amgen, Takeda Oncology, Pfizer Inc., Astellas Pharma Inc., Sanofi and BeiGene. N.J. has received consulting fees from Pharmacyclics, Janssen, AbbVie, Genentech, AstraZeneca, BMS, Adaptive Biotechnologies, Kite/Gilead, Precision Biosciences, Beigene, Cellectis, MEI Pharma, Ipsen, CareDX, MingSight, Autolus, Novalgen, and research funding from Pharmacyclics, AbbVie, Genentech, AstraZeneca, BMS, Pfizer, ADC Therapeutics, Cellectis, Adaptive Biotechnologies, Precision Biosciences, Fate Therapeutics, Kite/Gilead, Mingsight, Takeda, Medisix, Loxo Oncology, Novalgen, Dialectic Therapeutics, Newave, Novartis, Carna Biosciences, Sana Biotechnology, Kisoji Biotechnology. H.K. has received research funding from AbbVie, Amgen, Ascentage, BMS, Daiichi-Sankyo, Immunogen, and Novartis and honoraria from AbbVie, Amgen, Ascentage, Ipsen Biopharmaceuticals, KAHR Medical, Novartis, Pfizer, Shenzhen Target Rx, Stemline and Takeda Oncology. E.J. has received consulting fees and research funding from Abbvie, Adaptive biotechnologies, Amgen, Ascentage, ASTX, Astra-Zeneca, Autolus, BMS, Genentech, Hikma, Kite, Novartis, Pfizer, Takeda Oncology and Jazz. S.L. has received consulting fees Servier, Daiichi Sankyo, Syndax, Tempus AI, Kura oncology, Abbvie, and research funding from Amgen and Astellas. The other authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose.