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Article History

Received: 23 July 2025

Accepted: 9 September 2025

First Online: 23 October 2025

Declarations

:

: All animal experiments were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) of HanchorBio Inc., and conducted in accordance with internal institutional guidelines, the Animal Protection Act, and relevant regulations promulgated by the Council of Agriculture (now Ministry of Agriculture), Taiwan. The non-human primate (NHP) studies, conducted by the CRO (Joinn or WuXi), were specifically reviewed and approved by the IACUC and carried out in certified facilities in mainland China in compliance with local laws and regulations governing the ethical use of laboratory animals, including the Regulations for the Administration of Laboratory Animals , and under strict animal welfare standards. All studies involving human samples were reviewed and approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of the Development Center for Biotechnology (DCB), Taiwan. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to sample collection, in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and the Human Subjects Research Act of Taiwan.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.