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Authors
Van der Vreken, Arne
Meeus, Fien
Tu, Chenggong
van den Broecke, Lauren
Raimondi, Vincenzo
Vescovini, Rosanna
Hanssens, Heleen
Watté, Fenja
Autaers, Dorien
Aragon, Marta Marco
Billiau, Janne
De Veirman, Kim
Vanderkerken, Karin
De Vlaeminck, Yannick
Franceschini, Lorenzo
Lee, Holly
Neri, Paola
De Bruyne, Elke
Storti, Paola
Giuliani, Nicola
Breckpot, Karine
Menu, Eline
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (V435824N)
Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (1S68523N)
Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (1S55619N)
Kom op tegen Kanker (KOTK_VUB/2024/13879)
Chinese scolarship counsil
Vrije Universiteit Brussel (strategic research program (SRP84))
Vrije Universiteit Brussel (strategic research program (SRP84))
Vrije Universiteit Brussel (strategic research program (SRP84))
Vrije Universiteit Brussel (strategic research program (SRP84))
Vrije Universiteit Brussel (strategic research program (SRP84))
Koning Boudewijnstichting (2022-J1811380-E003)
Koning Boudewijnstichting (2022-J1811380-E003)
Koning Boudewijnstichting (2022-J1811380-E003)
Stichting Tegen Kanker (2024-165_F2530)
Stichting Tegen Kanker (2024-165_F2530)
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Article History
Received: 3 June 2025
Accepted: 20 October 2025
First Online: 14 November 2025
Declarations
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: Procedures in mice were performed within the ethical framework of the Belgian law and approved by the Ethical Committee for use of Laboratory Animals of the VUB (24-281-2). Ethical approval and informed consent for peripheral blood mononuclear cell collection from healthy donors, and ethical approval and informed consent for bone marrow (BM) aspirates from multiple myeloma (MM) patients were obtained from the Medical Ethical Committee of the university hospital (UZ) Brussel (1432023000220 and 143201838414, respectively). All samples were anonymized by the UZ Brussel biobank. Ethical approval and informed consent for BM aspirates of MM patients at the Department of Medicine and Surgery of the University of Parma were obtained by its Institutional Review Boards and were anonymized in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
