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Authors
Gu, Tingfei
Chen, Zhao
Wang, Tianyao
Dong, Yujun
Kang, Lei
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2024M750132)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82472018, 82171970, 82402320)
Beijing Municipal Science & Technology Commission (Z221100007422027)
National Key Research and Development Program of China (2024YFE0113500)
Beijing Nova Program (20240484725)
Noncommunicable Chronic Diseases-National Science and Technology Major Project (2023ZD0500900)
National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding (Interdisciplinary Research Project of Peking University First Hospital, 2023IR17, 2024IR07, Scientific and Technological Achievements Transformation Incubation Guidance Fund Project of Peking University First Hospital, 2025CX38, 2024CX18, Scientific Research Seed Fund, 2024SF64)
Future Talent Development Plan in the Medical Engineering Field (MBZX202502-0029)
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Article History
Received: 25 June 2025
Accepted: 23 October 2025
First Online: 14 November 2025
Declarations
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: The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Institutional Review Board of Peking University First Hospital.
: The study was conducted with appropriate patient consent obtained for publication of clinical images.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
