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Article History

Received: 1 April 2026

Accepted: 10 June 2026

First Online: 1 July 2026

Declarations

:

: BiCAR was approved by the Comité de Protection des Personnes Ile-de-France X and conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and Good Clinical Practice; all participants provided written informed consent. DESCAR-T and ALYCANTE were approved by the appropriate institutional ethics committees. Use of de-identified registry and trial data for the external control analysis complied with applicable data-protection regulations.

: Not applicable (no identifiable individual patient data are presented).

: P. S. has received honoraria, and advisory/consultancy fees from Janssen, Roche, Bristol-Myers Squibb, AbbVie, AstraZeneca, Chugai, Novartis, and Kite/Gilead. R. H. has received honoraria from Kite/Gilead, Novartis, Incyte, Janssen, MSD, Takeda, and Roche; and is a member on an entity’s Board of Directors or advisory committees of Kite/Gilead, Novartis, Bristol-Myers Squibb/Celgene, ADC Therapeutics, Incyte and Miltenyi. L. Y. has received honoraria, and advisory/consultancy fees from AbbVie, AstraZeneca, BeiGene, Bristol-Myers Squibb/Celgene, Gilead/Kite, Janssen, and Roche. S. C. has received honoraria, and advisory/consultancy fees from AbbVie, AstraZeneca, Atara, BeiGene, Gilead/Kite, Janssen, Novartis, Pierre Fabre, and Takeda. F. J. has received honoraria, and advisory/consultancy fees from Roche, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Novartis, Kite/Gilead, Takeda, AbbVie, and Janssen. F-X. G. has received honoraria, and advisory/consultancy fees from Bristol-Myers Squibb, Novartis, Kite/Gilead, AstraZeneca, Janssen, and Miltenyi. F. M. has received consultancy fees from AbbVie, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Gilead, Novartis, and Roche, serves as an advisor for AbbVie, Gilead and Roche and received honoraria from Chugai and Kaleda for scientific lectures. C. Ro. has received honoraria, and advisory/consultancy fees from Roche, Takeda, Gilead/Kite, Bristol-Myers Squib, MSD, AbbVie, BeiGene, Janssen, Lilly. T. G. has received travel and accommodation expenses from Roche. C. T. has received honoraria, and advisory/consultancy fees from Roche, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Novartis, Kite/Gilead, Takeda, AbbVie, Janssen. L. D. L. R. has received honoraria, and advisory/consultancy fees from Gilead/Kite, Novartis, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Janssen, Takeda. P. F. has received honoraria, and advisory/consultancy fees from, BeiGene, Kite/Gilead, AstraZeneca, AbbVie, Janssen. S. G. is an employee of LYSARC. G. C. has received honoraria, and advisory/consultancy fees from Roche, Bristol-Myers Squibb, BeiGene, Novartis, Kite/Gilead, Takeda, AstraZeneca, AbbVie, Janssen, Onward Therapeutics, Incyte and Mabqi. Y. A. T., M. J., C. L., F. L. B., A. M., J-O. B., C. R., L. R., and K. T. declare that they have no conflict of interest.