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Article History

Received: 31 July 2026

Accepted: 23 September 2026

First Online: 7 October 2026

Declarations

Ethics approval and consent to participate: Not applicable.

Consent for publication: Not applicable.

Competing interests: M.M. has received honoraria from Janssen, Bristol Myers Squibb (BMS), Amgen, AbbVie, Stemline Therapeutics, Takeda, Sanofi and Pfizer; has held consulting or advisory roles for Janssen, BMS, Pfizer and Sanofi; has received research funding from Janssen, SpringWorks Therapeutics and Roche/Genentech; and has received travel support from Janssen, Stemline Therapeutics and Pfizer. P.M.V. has acted as a consultant for AbbVie, BMS, GSK, Janssen, Karyopharm Therapeutics and Regeneron; has served on advisory boards for AbbVie, BMS and Sanofi; and has received research funding from AbbVie, GSK, Janssen and Nerviano Medical Sciences. H.E. has held consulting or advisory roles for Amgen, BMS, Celgene, GSK, Johnson & Johnson, Novartis, Sanofi and Takeda; has received honoraria from Amgen, BMS, Celgene, GSK, Johnson & Johnson, Novartis, Sanofi and Takeda; has received research funding from Amgen, Celgene/BMS, Janssen, GSK, Sanofi and Novartis; and has received travel support from Amgen, BMS, Celgene, Novartis, Sanofi and Takeda. F.S. has received research grants from Celgene, GSK, Janssen, Oncopeptides, Targovax and Sanofi; has received honoraria or speakers’ bureau fees from AbbVie, Amgen, BMS, Daiichi Sankyo, GSK, Janssen, Novartis, Oncopeptides, Pfizer, Sanofi, SkylineDx and Takeda; and has served on advisory boards or data safety monitoring boards for AbbVie, Celgene, GSK, Janssen, Oncopeptides, Sanofi and Takeda. M.-V.M. has received honoraria from AbbVie, Amgen, BMS, GSK, Johnson & Johnson, Pfizer, Regeneron, Sanofi and Stemline Therapeutics; has held advisory roles for AbbVie, Amgen, BMS, GSK, Johnson & Johnson, Kite, Oncopeptides, Pfizer, Regeneron, Roche, Sanofi, Stemline Therapeutics and Takeda; and is a speakers’ bureau member for Janssen Cilag. V.H. has received honoraria from and served on advisory boards for BMS, Pfizer, Takeda, AbbVie, GSK, Sanofi, Amgen and Johnson & Johnson; and has participated in speakers’ bureaus for Pfizer and Regeneron. Y.C.C. has held consulting or advisory roles for Amgen, BMS, GSK, Johnson & Johnson, Medison, Pfizer, Roche, Sanofi and Takeda; has received honoraria from Amgen, GSK, Janssen, Medison, NeoPharm and Takeda; has received institutional research funding from Amgen, Karyopharm Therapeutics, Johnson & Johnson and Takeda; and has participated in speakers’ bureaus for GSK and Johnson & Johnson. C.F.d.L. has received honoraria from Janssen, BeiGene, BMS, Pfizer, Amgen, GSK, Takeda and Sanofi; has held consulting or advisory roles for Janssen, BMS, GSK, Sanofi, BeiGene and Amgen; has received research funding from Janssen, BMS, Takeda, Amgen and Cellectar Biosciences; and has received travel support from BeiGene and Janssen. M.B. has received research funding from Janssen and GSK; has participated in speakers’ bureaus for Janssen, Sanofi, BMS and Amgen; and has served in consulting or advisory roles for Takeda and Menarini. O.L. has held consulting or advisory roles and received honoraria from Amgen, Celgene/BMS, Janssen, Takeda, Adaptive Biotechnologies, Merck, Theradex and AstraZeneca; and has served on independent data-monitoring committees for several of these companies. S.Z.U. has held consulting or advisory roles for AbbVie, Amgen, BMS, Celgene, Genentech, Gilead Sciences, GSK, Janssen, Karyopharm Therapeutics, Merck and Takeda; and has received research funding from Amgen, Array BioPharma, BMS, Celgene, GSK, Janssen, Merck, Pharmacyclics, Sanofi, Seattle Genetics and Skyline Diagnostics. L.J.C. has received consulting fees, honoraria and research funding from Genentech/Roche, BMS, Johnson & Johnson, AbbVie, Caribou Biosciences, AstraZeneca and Amgen; consulting fees and honoraria from Sanofi and Pfizer; and honoraria from Adaptive Biotechnologies. N.G. has held consulting or advisory roles for Stemline Therapeutics and MorphoSys; and has received travel support from BMS/Celgene and Janssen.