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Article History

Received: 21 May 2025

Accepted: 22 August 2025

First Online: 30 September 2025

Declarations

:

: All authors have no conflict of interest.

: This study was approved by the Clinical Ethics Committee of Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital and the Animal Experimental Ethical Inspection of the University of Electronic Science and Technology of China. The animals were housed in a controlled environment with a temperature of 22 ± 2 °C, relative humidity of 50 ± 10%, and a 12-hour light/dark cycle, with standard laboratory chow and water provided ad libitum. They were acclimatized to the housing conditions for at least 7 days before the initiation of the experiments. Since the magnetic hyperthermia treatment was non-invasive and did not induce pain or significant distress, no analgesia was administered during the procedure. Euthanasia was performed humanely at the end of the study using an overdose of anesthetic agents, and all efforts were made to minimize animal suffering. The study adhered to ethical standards for animal research.

: All authors have read and approved the final manuscript for publication.