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Authors
Vigneron, Engy
Vignau, Julie
Lowyck, Olivier
Van den bossche, Valentin
Ambroise, Jérôme
Kieffer, Yann
Mechta-Grigoriou, Fatima
Rizzi, Isabella
Giolito, Maria Virginia
Desgres, Manon
Zaryouh, Hannah
Wouters, An
Mendola, Antonella
Dahou, Hajar
Leclerc, Marine
Boidot, Romain
Warnant, Aurélien
Larondelle, Yvan
Feron, Olivier
Machiels, Jean-Pascal
Schmitz, Sandra
Corbet, Cyril
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRS (PDR 40008091)
Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRS (CDR J001023)
Walloon excellence in life sciences and biotechnology (X250624)
Stichting Tegen Kanker (2022-168)
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Article History
Received: 18 November 2025
Accepted: 17 June 2026
First Online: 24 June 2026
Declarations
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: Tumors and non-tumoral tissues (from the inner cheek) were collected intraoperatively from treatment-naive, HPV-negative HNSCC patients undergoing biopsy or surgical resection at Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc (Brussels, Belgium), under institutional ethical approval (UCLouvain ID UCL-ONCO 2015-02, Informed consent amendment 4, Version 5 dated 04/03/2021). All patients provided written informed consent in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. In vivo mouse experiments with PDX models were approved by the ethics committee from UCLouvain (approval ID UCL/MD/2012/09July/314) in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki, and all patients gave their written informed consent. Experiments involving mouse xenografts received the approval of the ethics committee from UCLouvain (approval ID 2022/UCL/MD/024 and 2020/UCL/MD/032) and were carried out according to national care regulations.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
