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Article History

Received: 5 February 2026

Accepted: 15 July 2026

First Online: 25 July 2026

Declarations

Ethics approval and consent to participate: Not applicable.

Consent for publication: Not applicable.

Competing interests: FP reportsresearch grants from AstraZeneca, Eisai, and Roche. FP has received consulting fees from AstraZeneca, Daiichi Sankyo, Eli Lilly, Menarini, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, and Roche; and payments/honoraria from AstraZeneca, Daiichi Sankyo, Eli Lilly, Exact Sciences, Gilead, Italfarmaco, Menarini, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, and Roche. FP has served in advisory roles for Amgen, Daiichi Sankyo, Eli Lilly, Gilead, GSK, Novartis, Pfizer, and Roche. FP has received travel support and accommodation from AstraZeneca, Daiichi Sankyo, Menarini, Pfizer, and Roche, and has participated in advisory boards for AstraZeneca, Daiichi Sankyo, Eli Lilly, Exact Sciences, Menarini, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, and Roche. LDM reports grants from Eli Lilly, Novartis, Roche, Daiichi Sankyo, Seagen, AstraZeneca, Gilead, Pierre Fabre, Pfizer, Menarini Stemline, and MSD. LDM has received consulting fees from Novartis, Roche, Daiichi Sankyo, Eli Lilly, Gilead, Pfizer, Menarini Stemline, Olema, and AstraZeneca; and honoraria from Eli Lilly, Novartis, Roche, Daiichi Sankyo, Seagen, AstraZeneca, Gilead, Pierre Fabre, Pfizer, Menarini Stemline, MSD, Exact Sciences, GSK, Ipsen, and Eisai. LDM has received travel grants from Roche, Gilead, Menarini Stemline, AstraZeneca, and Daiichi Sankyo. LDM has served on advisory boards for Eli Lilly, Novartis, Roche, Daiichi Sankyo, Seagen, AstraZeneca, Gilead, Pierre Fabre, Pfizer, Menarini Stemline, MSD, Exact Sciences, GSK, Ipsen, and Eisai. LDM reports receipt of equipment from FoundationOne.MDL reports relationships with Roche, Novartis, Takeda, Eli Lilly, Pierre Fabre, AstraZeneca, MSD, Seagen, Gilead, Daiichi Sankyo, Tomalab, Genetic, Pfizer, Menarini, Sophos, Istituto Gentili, Sanofi, Ipsen, GSK, and Exact Sciences, including consulting/advisory roles and travel reimbursement. MG reports relationships with AstraZeneca, Daiichi Sankyo, Eisai, Gilead, Celgene, Exact Sciences, Eli Lilly, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, and Seagen, including consulting/advisory roles and travel reimbursement. GA reports relationships with Roche, Pfizer, Eli Lilly, MSD, AstraZeneca, and Novartis, including consulting/advisory roles and research funding grants. CDA reports consulting or advisory relationships with Novartis, GSK, Eli Lilly, and Pfizer. All other authors declare no competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have influenced the work reported in this paper.