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Authors
Stoker, Katie
Laddach, Roman
Booth, Lucy
Crescioli, Silvia
Maiques, Oscar
Adams, Rebecca
Chauhan, Jitesh
Stewart, Alexander
Patel, Dinethri
Fitzpatrick, Amanda
Wu, Yin
Geh, Jenny L. C.
Salem, Omar
MacKenzie Ross, Alastair D
Lloyd-Hughes, Hawys
Whittaker, Sean
Ng, Joseph
Fraternali, Franca
Kipling, David
Dunn-Walters, Deborah K.
Lacy, Katie E.
Tull, Thomas J.
Tsoka, Sophia
Karagiannis, Sophia N. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4100-7810
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
British Skin Foundation (006/R/22)
Worldwide Cancer Research (24-0087)
Medical Research Council (MR/L023091/1; MR/V049445/1); MR/R015643/1)
Royal Society (IES\R2\222084)
CRUK City of London Centre Award (C7893/A29290)
Guy’s and St Thomas’s Foundation Trust Charity Melanoma Special Fund (573)
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Article History
Received: 9 March 2026
Accepted: 27 July 2026
First Online: 7 August 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study was approved by the Research & Development Office of Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust and King’s College London (REC reference: 08/H0804/139 was approved by London Bridge NRES committee; REC reference: 16/LO/0366 (MISST, melanoma) was approved by London-Central NRES Committee). All methods/study procedures were carried out in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. All participants were informed about the purpose of the study, assured of confidentiality, and provided written consent prior to participation. Participation was voluntary, and respondents could withdraw at any time without consequence.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: S.N.K. is academic founder and shareholder of Epsilogen Ltd. and declares patents on antibody technologies for cancer. J.C. was previously employed through a fund provided by Epsilogen Ltd. O.M. receives consulting services for Panakeia Technologies, UK. Y.W. consults for E15 VC and Prokarium. T.J.T. consults for Argenx and Immunovant. All other authors declare no conflicts of interest.
