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Article History

Received: 1 April 2020

Accepted: 25 May 2020

First Online: 8 July 2020

Ethics approval and consent to participate

: Ethical approval was provided by the University of Salford for both parts of the study (part 1: HSR1617–145 part 2: HSR1819–001) and each participant signed a consent form prior to participation.

: Not applicable.

: The lead author (JA) was employed by the University of Salford while this work was conceived. Thereafter JA was employed by footwear company WearerTech for a period during the data collection. WearerTech products were tested in this paper. WearerTech only provided the shoes and had no input on data collection, analysis or write up, which was completed with the University of Salford. At the time of submission, JA is an employee of the University of Salford.