Document is current

Article History

Received: 5 May 2023

Accepted: 27 October 2023

First Online: 11 November 2023

Declarations

:

: All data used was extracted from a publicly accessible database with no patient identifying information, so the study was not required to undergo IRB review at our institution.

: Not applicable.

: JAA, ML, ER, JG, EJT, and MA have no competing interests to report. AHD reports the following competing interests: EOS, paid consultant; Orthofix, Inc., paid consultant, research support; SpineArt, paid consultant; Medtronic/Medicrea, paid consultant; Springer: publishing royalties, financial or material support; Stryker: paid consultant, all outside submitted work.