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Article History

Received: 19 September 2025

Accepted: 15 February 2026

First Online: 27 February 2026

Declarations

:

: This study was approved by the Medical Ethical Review Board of the Erasmus University Medical Centre Rotterdam (MEC-2022-0587). Written informed consent was obtained from all participants in the study.

: K.H. has nothing to disclose. J.S. is an employee of Roche Diagnostics International Ltd. A.M. is an employee of Roche Diagnostics GmbH. M.H. is an employee of Roche Diagnostics International Ltd. Shareholder of F. Hoffmann-La Roche. Inventor of pending patent for PCOS risk assessment (EP4127726). J.S.E.L. reports grants from Ansh Labs, Ferring, Roche Diagnostics, Merck, outside the submitted work; personal fees from Ferring, Titus Healthcare, Gedeon Richter, Ansh Labs, Roche Diagnostics; honoraria and travel expenses from Ferring and Roche Diagnostics; data safety monitoring board for LOCI Trail UK; an unpaid Board Member and President of the Androgen Excess and PCOS Society; and a member of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine Research Integrity Committee, outside the submitted work. Y.V.L. reports honoraria fees from Ferring and Merck; travel support from Ferring; and funding from Synergy Erasmus Medical Centre grant, outside the submitted work.