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Authors
Lin, Lingling
Wu, Huawei
Wang, Chao
Xu, Jialu
Xin, Enhui
Li, Yafen
Zhu, Jun
Yu, Jianli
Wang, Yu
Cheng, Jiejun
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
clinical research special project of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital (2023B16)
Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Commission Explorer Project (23TS1401000)
Tongji University Medical-Engineering Interdisciplinary Program (2025-0555-YB-01)
Talent Introduction of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital Project (2022RC04)
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Article History
Received: 22 April 2025
Accepted: 3 April 2026
First Online: 21 April 2026
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital (LS2308). Data from Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University were used under a data-sharing agreement authorized by the approving committee. The requirement for informed consent was waived by the ethics committee for all data, as the study involved only anonymized retrospective analysis.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
