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Article History

Received: 22 April 2024

Accepted: 20 July 2024

First Online: 1 August 2024

Declarations

:

: According to Finnish legislation and the guidelines from the Finnish National Board on Research Integrity, an ethical review was not required for this study, which involved neutral subjects and adult participants who did not belong to a vulnerable group. Participation was based on informed consent [].

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

: Simo Tukia is an experienced HEMS paramedic with a Master’s degree and previous research experience in a nationwide multicentre study of emergency medicine. Jari Pirnes is a physician and has worked in HEMS for over 16 years. He has previous research experience in HEMS and the challenges of emergency care in the Arctic environment. Jouni Nurmi is an adjunct professor and physician who has worked in HEMS for more than 10 years and has also done administration, research and teaching work related to the field. Hilla Nordquist is a principal lecturer and adjunct professor with a background in health sciences and disaster medicine. Her research interests have focused especially on the occupational wellbeing aspects of EMS personnel and the functioning of the EMS.