Document is current

Article History

Received: 15 December 2025

Accepted: 27 February 2026

First Online: 13 March 2026

Declarations

:

: The Ethics Committee of the University of Greifswald granted a waiver for informed consent, as no patient data were involved. All contributors consented to participate in this investigation.

: Not applicable.

: MPM is chair of Region of Lifesavers non-profit organisation, shareholder of SmartResQ Aps, and member of the executive committee of the German Resuscitation Council (GRC). EB is member of the ERC Research-NET and of the ESCAPE-NET consortium and is working group leader of the COST Action PARQ (grant agreement No CA19137) supported by COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology). HJB is vice-chair of Region of Lifesavers non-profit organisation and member of the German Resuscitation Council (GRC).BWB is treasurer of the European Resuscitation Council (ERC), Founder of the ERC Research NET, Chairman of the German Resuscitation Council (GRC), Federal Medical Advisor of the German Red Cross (DRK), Member of the Advanced Life Support (ALS) Task Force of the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR), Member of the Board of the World Society of Intravenous Anaesthesia (SIVA), Former Member of the Executive Committee of the German Interdisciplinary Association for Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine (DIVI), Founder of the German Resuscitation Foundation, Member of the Advisory Board of the Deutsche Herzstiftung, Co-Editor of Resuscitation, Editor of the Journal Notfall + Rettungsmedizin, Co-Editor of the Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology. He received fees for lectures/advice from the following companies: Forum für medizinische Fortbildung (FomF), BD Deutschland GmbH, Boehringer Ingelheim Deutschland GmbH, Doccla Deutschland GmbH.DF Member of the Swedish Resuscitation Council and employed by Heartrunner Sweden AB that develops and manages the Heartrunner system internationally.AAD received grant funding from the Hillman Family Foundation.JG is a board member of Region of Lifesavers (NPO).FLH is one of the partners who developed FirstAED smartphone technology for GPS tracking of first responders.KGM is the immdediate Past Chair of the European Resuscitation Council and has received unrestricted research grants from the Laerdal Foundation and from the Zoll Foundation. TK is employed at STAN B.V., which manages the Dutch HartslagNu responder platform.JSP is part-time employee of Resuscitec GmbH, member of "Region der Lebensretter e.V.", member of the executive committee of the German Resuscitation Council. JSP receives financial support from the German Heart Foundation (Deutsche Stiftung für Herzforschung) to coordinate the HEROES study (grant number F/02/23).AS is chair of IRC.PS received research grants from TrygFonden.TS is member of ERC Basic Life Support Science and Education Committee and Social Media Editor of Resuscitation and Resuscitation Plus.HLT is chair of the EU-COST Action PARQ (grant agreement No CA19137) supported by COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology).SV is president of the Belgian EVapp NGO, who maintains the Belgian first responder network EVapp, and is shareholder of Prior-IT BV, who builds software systems related to first responders.SS is ILCOR EIT Task Force member, ERC ALS SEC member, and Vice-Chair of the Austrian Resuscitation Council.RG is the ERC Director of Guidelines and ILCOR, The Task Force chair of Education, Implementation and Teams of ILCOR, Editorial Board Member Resuscitation Plus. TB is a ministerial appointment to the Pre-Hospital Emergency Care Council (PHECC) Ireland & Chair of the Medical Advisory Committee'. SC funding from Zoll Medical for educational speaking in resuscitation and CanET (Cardiovascular Network of Canada) for research on drone delivery of AEDs. COI JB is Chair of the ILCOR BLS Task Force, Editor for Resuscitation Plus, Editorial Board Member for Resuscitation KCT, BM, CM, MLC, CD, ED, DE, ME, LG, EM, TM, CR, DDS, SSS, RS, BS and WW have no conflict of interest to declare.