Berglund, Moa
Piroozam, Leila
Golmann, Joëlle
Bohm, Katarina
Kopaczek-Styczen, Malgorzata
Yang, Li Jin
Sondén, Anders
Liu, Jenny
Ängeby, Kristian
Funding for this research was provided by:
Karolinska Institute
Article History
Received: 11 November 2025
Accepted: 25 May 2026
First Online: 12 June 2026
Declarations
:
: The study was performed in accordance with good clinical practice and research as per the Helsinki Declaration [ ]. Before any data collection began, the physicians were informed that the participation in this study was voluntary with the purpose of a scientific analysis and publication. They were also informed that they could cease participation at any time, and that the collected data would be completely discarded if they were to withdraw from the study. To ensure confidentiality, one of the authors did the initial analysis of the interviews and matched the participants’ data using numeric codes. The study did not involve any intervention on a research participant, nor was any other measures taken as described in § 4 of the Act (2003:460) on the Ethical Review of Research Involving Humans. Additionally, there was no processing of personal data as specified in § 3 of the same law. Consequently, ethical approval was not necessary according to the aforementioned law.
: Verbal informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to the commencement of the interviews.
: The authors declare no competing interests.