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Authors
Wang, Dongfang
Gu, Shuaipeng
Li, Yahui
Wang, Shengying
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Article History
Received: 27 February 2026
Accepted: 24 August 2026
First Online: 26 August 2026
Declarations
Human ethics and consent to participate: This study was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Tongji Hospital (Ethics Approval No. TJ-IRB20241019). Given the retrospective nature of the study and the minimal risk posed to participants, the requirement for informed consent was waived by the Ethics Committee.
Consent for publication: This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Given its retrospective design and the use of anonymized patient data, the requirement for individual informed consent for publication was waived by the institutional ethics committee.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
